Meaning: It is a statement that shows flow (Inflow or outflow) of cash and cash equivalents during a given period of time. As per Accounting Standard-3 (Revised) the changes resulting in the flow of cash & cash equivalent arises on account of three types of activities i.e.,
(1) Cash flow from Operating Activities.
(2) Cash flow from Investing Activities.
(3) Cash flow from Financing Activities.
Cash: Cash comprises cash in hand and demand deposits with bank.
Cash equivalents: Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investment that are readily convertible into known amount of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in the value e.g. short-term investment. Generally, these investments have a maturity period of less than three months.
Some examples of cash equivalent: Short-term deposits, marketable securities. Treasury bills, commercial papers, money market funds, money market funds, investment in preference shares if redeemable within three months provided that there is no risk of the failure of the company.
Cash flow exclude movements between items that constitute cash or cash equivalents because these components are part of the cash management of an enterprise rather than part of its operating, investing and financing activities.
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